The Growing College Gap

At first glance, Tamara Draut’s article seems to state a fact that most individuals already know: it’s hard to get into college. Looking further into her claim, Draut reveals the struggles that low-income high school students applying to a four-year college or university face. Specifically, the article talks about enrollment gaps between class and race due to financial issues and the increase of high school students applying to colleges and universities across the nation. In addition, Draut begins her article by explaining the different outcomes that occur from specific levels of education.First, she shows the lifetime economic gains that different degree, ranging from high school to PhD, will make. Second, she explains the different â€Å"qualities of life† that each education level will face. Specifically, Draut explains that those who cannot get into a higher education program will not have the opportunity to have a higher paying job. I especially agree with o ne aspect of Draut’s argument in which she states that not enough college worthy students are getting to attend the schools that they want to and should be attending.I agree with another part of Draut’s argument should make all college degree seeking Americans fight against the injustice of government aid programs; providing aid on merit based performance only. This is not to say that I disagree with money being granted to students who study hard and make sacrifices in order to obtain their secondary education, I disagree with more money given to merit based programs instead of students who come from low income backgrounds.Aid programs do not take into consideration that many low income students come from inner cities, where secondary education is at the bottom of hierarchical education scale and these students lack the crucial knowledge that being taught at the more prestige’s high schools of the suburbs where middle and upper class students attend. The later p ortion of Draut’s article talks about the issues that stem from the nation’s lack of financial aid. Since the loan/grant system has deteriorated, the social gap between Caucasian and â€Å"ethnic† students has increased.Over 570,000 students could not go to a public university solely because of financial reasons. This has caused the enrollment in community colleges to increase rapidly- 44% of all undergraduates go to a community college. Also, 40% of young adults surveyed said that they either had to delay their education or go to a less expensive school because of financial issues/student loans. Draut provided an example in her article by putting an image stating â€Å"I sure hope social security is around when I’m 65.I’ll need to finish paying off my college loans†(Draut,383) The struggle to get into and maintain an education at a four-year college or university causes a social-rift among socioeconomic classes instead of solely on race/eth nicity. If low- income students are able to make it through a four-year program at one of the nation’s most prestigious schools, they are more likely, according to statistical data, to have a higher wage premium in comparison to high-income students that graduate from the same academic institution.

Exploratory Writing Essay

I came from a family with a hereditary disease called diabetes. All my relatives in the father side already have diabetes and as we all know, this is a killer disease. If people with diabetes do not consider control of their blood sugar and use sugar-free products then what would become of them. Most likely, they could have organ malfunction and worse, dead. Based on experience, most dieticians recommend that we, diabetics use sugar free products. However, maybe the lot of them has not read the article that I had come across with when I was researching about sugar-free products. It has been stated in Science Daily last February 13, 2006 that sugar-free products contain substances that can cause cancer to rats. It was stated in the article there is a certain percentage of consumption of the artificial sweeteners that we call â€Å"sugar-free† sweeteners. These substances have been already used in many products in the market. This does not only include sodas but also in the bread and candies available in the market. Even though it has not yet been proven that humans are really affected by these substances there are evidences that rats develop carcinogenic cells. Rats are also living creatures and if the sugar-free substance affects the rats, then it would definitely affect humans. I asked some of the member of the family and they also agree about the matter. There are possible solutions to this problem, my family and I could consider stopping the use of sugar-free substances. However, this proves to be difficult because if not for the sugar-free substances then this may cause our blood sugars to go sky high. It is really hard for diabetics to control their own cravings for sugar. Almost everybody that I know have a sweet tooth. However, since artificial sweeteners could prove to be very harmful to our health then maybe we ought to think twice before eating foods that contain artificial sweeteners. Works Cited â€Å"Rats At Levels Currently Approved For Humans. † Science Daily 13 February 2006. 26 February 2008 .

A Research About Reasons

Although you learnt it and it may be not a very hard word to recognize, you still cannot be able to speak that word out or write it down. It seems disappear mysteriously and never exists in your head. Vocabulary is a very important element within a language as the overwhelming majority of meaning is carried lexically. There are certainly other elements such as: grammar, stress, rhythm, intonation, tone of voice, pauses, hesitations or silences, not to mention the use of non-vocal phenomena: kinesics and proteomics features (Rosa M. . In my point of view, we cannot learn any languages without knowing the vocabulary of it. It is obviously that how we can express our statuses, our feelings and how we can communicate with no word even in speaking or writing. In 1990, MAC Scratchy stated, no matter how well the student learn the lessons grammar, no matter how successfully the sounds of LA are mastered, without words to express a wide range of meanings, communication in an LA Just cannot happen in any meaningful way. (LA-second language).Therefore, to find problems of being difficult to use vocabulary is one of the most necessary things to solve. Although the other factors are also important, vocabulary is definitely the first section which must be done well for learners. You must have been embarrassed at least once and felt stuck when o cannot speak the LA word out in public. So you have to replace it to another word that is not as excellent as the one before. Its all because you didnt remember that word. After reading this material, you will discover causes and solutions to defeat your vocabulary weakness.In general, the Solution for Using English Vocabulary in Speaking and Writing is completely useful for all high school students and nonprofessional English university students. However, the other university students can also apply this research in their study. As everybody seems to underestimate earning vocabulary, we usually think Just learn by heart and understand new words, thats enough. But it is wrong! Nowadays, when the standard of life is more and more increasing, people pay less attention into worrying about what to eat or what to wear anymore, conversely, they have turned to worry about their knowledge. Particularly, parents who want their children have the best education at school and they always attempt to do it, so learning second language should be a typical example of this tendency. Many years ago, Vietnamese started learning other languages like Chinese, French and above all others was English. Nevertheless, it was not popular as present and learners mainly taught themselves studying. Thank to modernization, newly imported cultures of foreign countries, we have more chance to approach and adapt it how to it becomes our advantages.Therefore, the government is trying to make LA become a criterion for citizen to raise our countrys position higher in the world. For that reason, learning other language is very essential and vocabulary should merely be taken heed the most. Lacking awareness about vocabulary importance is actually one main cause making us feel bored and hard to ND then they forget for a while. Because teachers also force them learn grammar by heart more, but require them to be good at both, Just learning and learning, they dont have time to acquire what they have Just learned.During the research process, I made a study of this and realize that there are more different methods to teach a student improve his or her learning skills. This will help us evaluate our ways to learn from the past until now, to find out which is good to develop it more and which is bad to stop and to erase from our habits. Students in Viet Name are almost good at rammer, yet they always feel they cant speak or write their LA frequently. Therefore, this research aims to a very cause vocabulary. After you improve your vocabulary knowledge, it is for sure you wont never fear this problem anymore.However, in spite of the importance of this element, vocabulary is often the least systematized and the most neglected of all the aspects of learning second language. For that reason, why do people underestimate vocabulary the English element? And How to change this thought of learners to improve their speaking and writing skills? Chapter 2: Literature Review Before we start finding the efficient ways to use vocabulary in speaking and writing, we need to clarify some questions, find out the main reason to solve it totally and then we will be better at these two skills. What is a vocabulary?According to the Collins Cobbled English Language Dictionary (1989: 1629), the vocabulary of a language is the total number of words in it and in the Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary (New Eighth Edition, 2012: 1722), is all the words that a person knows or uses. About word, it is defined, a single unit of language which means something and can be spoken or written. Some people sauntered between vocabulary and word, they think they are similar, but actually not. To simplify those definitions, we can understand that vocabulary is all of the words we know and use to communicate effectively.Some of them we use in speaking or learn from reading books, some we regions when listening from the others. There are two types of vocabulary: A. Use vocabulary (active vocabulary): words you can remember and use easily. Students learn vocabulary indirectly when they hear and see words used in many different contexts, for example, through conversations with adults, through being read to, B. Recognition vocabulary (passive vocabulary): words you knew in advance but for some reasons, its hard to spell or to pronounce correctly, and you need something remind.Students learn vocabulary directly when they are explicitly taught both individual words and word-learning strategies. In fact, the use vocabulary is as large as your recognition vocabulary and when you speak or write, you do not use as many words as when you recognize it from hearing and reading at all. This is information which tells us that if we can draw the recognition and the use one together, how remarkably our speaking and writing are improved! As a student, the researcher has been through many years at school, most vocabulary I learned and varied were from English textbook (grade 6 to grade 12).However, I actually could use half of them in practicing and all of my friends were the same with me or some were even worse. According to Beck McKeon in 1991 , Early vocabulary researchers reported figures ranging from 2,500 to 26,000 words in the vocabularies of typical grade 1 students and from 19,000 to 200,000 words for college graduate students. And in two decades ago, there was considerable consensus among researchers that students added approximately 2,000 to 3,500 extinct words yearly to t heir reading vocabularies (Anderson Nagy, 1992; Angling, 1993; Beck and Smoke, 1991; White et al. , 1990).At the present time, the vocabulary size of each student must have increasing that figure more and more thanks to the help of modern technology. This is right and wrong. Although students have varied their vocabulary greatly but they are hindered partly by tissues such as types of vocabularies being considered (e. G. Active and passive vocabulary). Moreover, students have more subjects to study and to be good at all that subjects either. They o not only learn by heart other subjects theories but they also have to acquire an amount of vocabularies and grammar structures which are their second language.Therefore, learning vocabulary may become a burden for almost students and they will be bored with foreign languages lessons. The importance of vocabulary Everybody knows vocabulary knowledge plays an essential part to have a good basement when he or she learns a new language. Because it is obviously that without a basic amount of vocabulary, you cannot study language of any country well even if you are really good at its grammar. In 1997, Ellis stated, knowing the words in a piece of discourse facilitates understanding which in turn allows the grammatical patterning to become more transparent. However, course books and teachers try to focus on grammar and make it become more important than the other elements. Additionally, foreigners can catch your speech with an imperfect grammar and an enough known vocabulary. But not many people get this point, they try to study hard in grammar skill, as the results, there are many people who learn vocabulary, still underestimate the importance of it. Students need both of a great many words in heir vocabularies and the ability to use various strategies to establish t he meaning of new words when they encounter them (Fran L. , Jean O. ND Alfred H. ) Knowing a lot of words is good but not enough, all of it will be useless if you cant be able to use it appropriately and effectively. Think about some practical cases like when you want to write or speak an interesting sentence in your writing or your speech and you try to find the best word to apply in that sentence because you cant find out or cant remember it. Cannot find it out: you didnt know that word; Cannot remember it: you re lack of ability to use it immediately. Even if your grammar structure of this sentence is excellent, do not have vocabulary it still have nothing.As McCarthy stated, , No matter how well the student learn the lessons grammar, no matter how successfully the sounds of LA are mastered, without words to express a wide range of Scratchy is the author who did many researches about the importance level of vocabulary, and this status above surely prove that words of LA is the most necessary element for every learners. Thus, I believe that we should raise the awareness of students about the importance of vocabulary. And then when students aware by themselves, they can easily improve this element and have their own motivation to learn how to use it in any situation effectively.Word Poverty Main reason causing difficulties in our speaking and writing A. Word poverty: Researcher Louisa Moats refers to the gap in word knowledge between advantaged and disadvantaged children as word poverty. In her study of the language abilities of kindergarten students in a large city district, Moat found that many children were unable to name pictures that showed the meanings of words such as sewing or parachute. (Moats, 2001) It is clear that learning vocabulary is not Just about memorizing lists of words, but it also depends on methods of each learner so that they will be good or bad at their study.For that reason, vocabulary is a main root of a studying new language process, if the root is not healthy and weak, i ts tree-truck definitely will be wheeling and underdeveloped. It is the same with learners who are easily distracted or they approach their second language in a wrong way. Like the research above, children and students learn a numerous new words everyday but when they are asked about any word of their vocabulary knowledge, hey may not remember it. Most cases have started in learning vocabulary which is the first important mile, there have different levels to divide learners into different types of Word Poverty.B. Level 1 inappropriate vocabulary: using vocabulary incorrectly in given situations such as speaking or writing. This level is not too bad, those students have relative knowledge of vocabulary. However, English is a various language for learners to totally understand and acquire it, it is very difficult to get all principles of it. Therefore, in some circumstances, learners can make mistakes and apply the word in wrong position. For instance, right/left are normally used for indicating direction, but these words will not be appropriate on a ship, according to the Nautical Terms, right/left must be starboard/port.Level 2 wrong level of formality. This common error can occur to any learner. We usually use conversational English in spite of academic English in formal situations, because its hard for us to choose right words to apply our utterances or our speeches. An typical example is sit down in informal situation and be seated, ladies and gentlemen of formality. Level 3 meaningless vocabulary. There are some learners use words in a sentence improperly for two reasons. First, they translate it word to word by their mother tongue; second, they misunderstand its meaning without looking up in dictionary.The worse things are wrong grammar forms, wrong spelling or pronunciation. Word poverty will affect your speaking and writing very much if you dont change this now. Lack of vocabulary or using it illogically obviously will make your speech or your writing underestimated. Vocabulary Development Building vocabulary is a powerful way to enhance your life and career. Because articulator situations in which the learner finds himself, or might find himself, according to Wallace (1988: 16). 1. How to improve and expand vocabulary of your own. There are many ways helping you develop your vocabulary knowledge.Nevertheless, because of so many methods and so much direction which make you feel confusing to choose, in this research, I gladly give you the most six effective approaches to enhance your vocabulary. 1. Keep Learning New Words This is the great technique which many people use to develop their vocabulary knowledge. You must have known about the technique, it has one only rule: have to earn at least a word a day. Thus, if you count these numbers of words you have learnt over a years, it will support you a lot of words. Moreover, you will be more responsible for your study. . In the book Learning English Effectively, Nagyn Too Sins M. A in Bowie State University, Maryland gives us a very new ways to learn vocabulary which bases on the traditional one. He named it Percentage Formula, this method emphasizes that although there are a great amount of new words you try to learn, you also forget some of the so many words. Main reason is your brain always accounts some percentages of the total vocabulary you have Just learnt. Do not believe in the ability of memorizing of your brain totally, but cooperate with it wisely.For example, you learn 10 words a day, if you forget 20% of them, you will remember 8 words. With someone learns 15 words, if he forget 15%, he still remain 10 words. Compare with the one who learn 10 and who learn 15 words, you can realize that the more new words we learn, the less words we will miss due to the discount of your brain. Similarly, if you learn 20 and forget 40%, you will remember 12 of those words; hen you try to learn 30 or 40 words per day and you may even loose 50 or 60%, you still get 15 and 16 words in your memory. . Keep a vocabulary notebook of your own is also a good way to learn new words. Wherever you are, if you suddenly discover a strange or interesting word, you can write it down in you notebook. Obviously, you must decide what words to put in and what to say about them. Should you translate them, give definitions, give grammatical information? The decision is yours. Remy and Richard, More Than Words). 1. 2 Independent Learning This technique is probably the most efficient for learners in their long run of tidying a new language.Because it is sure that we are always apply what teacher taught us effectively, sometimes what we are self-learned is more easier for us to apply. Villa Goodies suggested five ways to study vocabulary in context: Jigsaw Readings, Guessing Meaning, Narrow Reading, Conversation, Concordance Lines. These are suitable ways to improve your vocabulary knowledge at home. He also noted that Repetition is really important for learners to do some activities so that we can remember the new words for a long time. 1. 3 Use Various Techniques (Multiple Techniques)There are some techniques such as dictionary work, word unit analysis, mnemonic devices, semantic elaboration, collocations and lexical phrases, oral production. However, if you think these ways are too complex to apply in your study, Entertainment is also a tool for both studying and relaxing, you can learn vocabularies by foreign films, songs, games.. . Reading famous novels or books can As normally, we use dictionary to look up a new word, but it is not enough for taking full advantage of it. You must have your own dictionary which depends on your currently English level.Then circle the words you look up and it is necessary to read the entire for the word you will check. One more thing is Be Aware of Words. Some people read a lot to expand their vocabulary knowledge, but they are told having a small amount of vocabularies. It is because you are not really aware of the new and hard words when you read, so you skip it. This will not give you a good result although you have been reading all the time. 1. 5 Motivation This definition is quite abstract but very essential for learners who are studying a new language.The most important factor is a successful vocabulary building tool. It is clear that without motivation, your work will not be done well or if the work can be completed, it absolutely will have no effect. Thus, when you determine what your purpose and your motivation are, I know you can enhance your vocabulary as far as you want. Vocabulary is totally an essential part of learning English. Thus, when students can control and keep expanding their knowledge of it every day, there is no door to be less confident of practicing Speaking and Writing skills anymore.Chapter 3: Methodology Subject: It is Junior high school students, and university students who dont major in English. They are almost good at grammar but lack of vocabulary which is the main reason why they can speak and write English well. These learners are the very important human resources of our country in future and their second language is good or not which will affect their future Jobs very much. Therefore, I made up my mind to choose them are my objectives. There has the same character about the researchs subjects, that is almost them take care of their second language English.Research procedure: After observing and discovering weaknesses of students about their second language-English in general. Particularly in newspaper, television news, social network pages,.. And by my friends, my acquaintances. I realized a big gap of learning English which is underestimated by most students, vocabulary knowledge. Then, I made a research and collected information about this problem from books, Internet, statistics As a result, I decided to survey a number of students in my area, The; D(RCA district, Hippie Bin high school and another number of nonprofessional English students in HÂ ¶Eng BEng University.Because these two subjects are familiar to me, they are also easy for me to survey and analyze my research. After I had the result of what I had studied, I found main reasons causing difficulties for students when they write or speak English. By particular numbers and statistics I surveyed, it proved what I had mentioned before is right. Next, I drew all information from the materials and my own experiences together, then, I made a list of tips for learners to use vocabulary more effective in speaking and writing.Sample selection: The sample technique I used to support my research is Stratified Sample. As I nonprofessional English students in university, I decided to choose my school, HÂ ¶Eng BEng University and Hippie Bin high school which I used to study at in order to carried out my research. In HÂ ¶Eng BEng University, I focus on faculties taking more interest in learning English such as business administration, information technology, finance banking, foreign relationship. In Hippie Bin high school, I made a survey with advanced classes and normal classes.Sample techniques: Stratified Sample method which is dividing the population into subgroups and then randomly selecting from among these subgroups. In this direction, I followed two important criteria, materials and method. My primary materials I used to support the research are my computer with Microsoft Excel, I chose this software to help me draw diagram more exactly and clearly; a questionnaire I made by myself with eight questions; a mathematical model is my calculator; especially is my real subjects, the students at school, without them, my research paper would be meaningless and valueless.Data collection: Through a process, I collected much information and I did surveys by myself which I use to support my research. Therefore, my data has a clear origin and it is valuable. The way I selected and collected my data is quite simple. After searching for many sources related to my topic, I went on carrying out some analyses by questionnaire, tests, observation,.. . In order to make clear problems and find the best solutions for it. The locations where took place my surveys were HÂ ¶Eng BEng university and Hippie Bin high school.Consequently, almost all objectives take their interest in my research (94. 4%). There are more than 75% who also agree the main reason causing difficulties in their speaking and writing skills is Lack of Vocabulary. And there are more than 80% people think their two skills will be nearly perfect if they improve the vocabulary knowledge. Reliability and Validity: My research paper is mainly for high school students and nonprofessional English students at university, but it can also inspire the other levels of learners.First, the validity of my researchs results and applicability is suitable and general for every learner because its particular objectives are Just a manner so that I can take more focus on and narrow my topic. For that reason, there is not only high school or nonprofessional English students can approach this research, but there are also appropriate for secondary students or advanced English students whoever has the name trouble at his speaking and writing skills. Second, this is an issue of our national education now.When students are very good at English grammar and others elements, but they cannot apply it on practice and real situations. So the research will be useful for numerous learners in our country, and it will help them a good direction in their studying. About the reliability, I make sure t hat my research paper is trustworthy. Because I did it by my best and my real ability. Sources, books, websites, and surveys are on the research which proved that it is totally from my studying process.Finally, if you depend on the results and the capability, you will realize my new ideas and easily apply in reality. Obviously in English, speaking and writing is two factors which every learner want to be good at the most. However, to be master these factors, there are some elements that the learners must control well like vocabulary, pronunciation, grammar And the result below will show you what high school and nonprofessional English university students think about their two skills. [pick] With the question, Are you good at these two skills? (speaking and writing skills), he majority of students choose so so as their final answer. There are 66,7% high school students and 50% university students who feel they are at average of speaking and writing English. Especially in the yes button answer, there are 25% high school students think they can control these skills, in the contrary, no university student is confident that they are good at both. You can see in the diagram, half of university students are so so and the other half totally think they speak and write English badly.Meanwhile, there are Just 8. 3% high school students less confidence of speaking and writing English. What is the reason why they cannot remember the word that they used to know or read before when they need it? Relating to the result above, the very annoying trouble which students meet is they are usually stuck when speaking and writing English sentence because of not knowing how to describe it by vocabulary. [pick] There are High school students and total nonprofessional English university students admit their weakness.However, some high school students can overcome this difficulty with 16,7% of them. The first and second diagram can be explained the reason why not all students easily say they are good at Speaking and Writing skills UT half of them think they are so so and there are even worse because of 50% say- no university students. The cause is only for lacking Vocabulary. Majority of students English, they know about grammar and some rules of it but lack of words makes them lessen their confidence and also feel hard to practice the skills.With the big number of nonprofession al English university students, who entirely answer no toward being good at Speaking and Writing skill, because there are many factors effecting them at the high education school university. Vocabulary knowledge is an essential element f learning this foreign language but there are more other fundamentals they need to concern either. At this position of university students, they realize grammar and rules that are Just a part not whole learning English. Next diagram and statistical numbers below will show the elements effecting learners when they study English. pick] There are five main factors in learning English, they are Vocabulary, Grammar, Pronunciation, Stress, Intonation and some extra features. At the first sight, we can find out the strongest influent element which was chosen by students at high school and University, that is Lack of Vocabulary. With 75% and 88. 9% of high school and university students choices, this percentage shows that almost students are aware of their knowledge of vocabulary. They know and understand about the element effects on their English studying time, because Vocabulary is the most basic thing when you learn a language.

Gun control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Gun control - Essay Example Many citizens consider it their right to be allowed guns so that they can fight for their protection when the law enforcement agencies fail to do so. On the other hand, there are opponents of the issue who believe that strict gun control measures are essential owing to the fact that they reduce the possibility of the weapons falling in the wrong hands. This debate of gun control has been an essential issue in the United States where it is still considered to be a controversial subject. The National Vital Statistics states the fact that many lives are lost as a result of injuries from firearms. 11,001 people succumbed to injuries resulting from gun shots by criminals only in the year 2001. It was also presented that in 2001, 16,455 lives were lost due to suicides which were committed by using firearms only. This indicates an important aspect that many deaths result in the United States due to guns and deaths due to firearms are labeled as the second cause of death in the country. But an interesting aspect is that the rate of people dying due to the gun shots has lowered following the year 1993 and it has been attributed to changes and leniencies in the gun control laws (Gold 2004). Many important figures in the United States have lost their lives resulting from gun shots. These include the devastating killings of Martin Luther King Jr. and Robert F. Kennedy that occurred in the year 1968 when these two exemplary figures were shot dead (Valdez 2003). Gun control is an essential subject in the history of the United States. The first most prominent ruling relating to this issue was passed in the year 1939 by the Supreme Court of the country. The court passed a ruling in favor of stricter gun control measures and the ban on personal usage of guns. It justified this on the grounds for the maintenance of security of the individuals. There has been much opposition to this ruling ever since 1939. Opponents of this law utilize the Second Amendment of the Constitution as a point of their justification. According to the Amendment, "A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed." The opponents of gun control laws argue that this amendment of the constitution upholds the rights of the individuals for the possession of guns for their security. They argue that the denial of the guns for their safety is actually the breach of the constitution of the country as this amendment clearly states in favor of the possession of weapons (Associated Press 2007). Many members of the congress of the United States also consider it important that the ownership of guns is central to the security of their lives. According to the people who favor the possession of guns, firearms tend to provide higher security for the people when the law enforcement agency personnel are not present. Therefore, an individual can guard himself in all situations. These groups argue that after pr oper checking of the criminal records of the people, gun possession should be allowed as this would make the society a safer place to live (Nagourney et al 2011). Many researchers have upheld the benefits that the relaxations of the gun control laws have provided for the United States. According to a research that was done by Mauser, the crime rate in the United States has gone down to lower levels owing to relaxation in the firearm laws. The study upheld this fact with regard to

GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS) - Essay Example This, through my lasting experience and interaction with various GIS software, I believe can be achieved at relatively low cost than expected. Using the GIS information in transportation, I believe can be of great help to city planning and organization. In respect to this, I can assure you the effective use of the following GIS applications in doing the following activities with the aim of restoring order and cost in the city. The GIS tool can be used in spatial analysis to locate areas of preference for various development activities at relatively lower costs compared to the other software. High costs are often incurred while constructing bridges, railway lines and roads within the city and beyond, especially when other tools are used in designing these channels. However, using GIS, we can analysis the spatial characteristics of the regions to be bypassed by these projects for reduced cost of construction. For instance, it is easier to design the routes for road, railways and water pipes construction by developing different elevation models on the GIS software. Assessing and accurately analyzing this data can then help us in coming up with the correct route for construction with minimum costs involved. In order to illustrate this using an example, it is often very difficult to construct roads and railway lines where the process has to involve cutting through a mountain or in a region with rugged terrain. in such Cases, many culverts and bridges, have to be constructed as these increases the costs of construction. By overlaying the elevation data on the GIS software, we can easily locate the various points to be avoided by the project, calculate the relative distance and costs involved and compare the results for better decision making before the actual process. This aids in proper planning and management of funds are hence very

International business memo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

International business memo - Essay Example Presented below is an outline of actions that need to be undertaken to successfully enter the Peruvian market. Firstly, it describes the current internal operations of ICC. Secondly, it illustrates relevant actions involving business strategy, form of international business, organisational structure, marketing strategy, IT and supply chain, which are essential for a successful expansion in Peru. This will significantly help in evaluating on whether or not expanding to Peru is an effective strategy for ICC. Objectives: Strategy: Global Orientation provide effective solution to the various chemical needs of clients across different industries effectively and efficiently distribute commodity chemical products to a broad range of industries in larger geographic areas Value Chain Configuration Take advantage of the strategic location of chemical suppliers in America Key Advantages consistently deliver industrial firms with cost efficient and high value chemical products expand distributio n of chemical products from Peru to potential markets in South America efficiently Take advantage of the strength of Industrial Chemicals Corporation maximise the benefit from the relationships with suppliers to deliver high value chemical solutions Key Disadvantage need to invest heavily in ways to increase cooperation and efficiency in the flow of chemical products from US headquarters to Peru Form of International Business Equity Alliance Enter into a strategic partnership with an existing industrial chemical distributor in Peru by gaining a minority ownership of the Peru based chemical distributor avoid exposure to high strategic, operational, and legal business risks Out of 185 countries, Peru got the 43rd spot for the best places for doing business in 2013 (World Bank) Peru ranked 44th based on the 2013 economic freedom indicator, and has the 29th freest economy among the 29 countries in Central and South America (â€Å"Peru†) Potential Problems Weak Ranking in the free dom from corruption Ratings from the freedom from corruption index is very much below the world average ((â€Å"Peru†)) Business Practices of Informal Sector About 70% of firms directly compete with unregistered businesses which is higher than the regional average of 62% (World Bank) Business Culture Differences Time Orientation Time is regarded with flexibility so it is usual to start a meeting late As an investor, it is still important to arrive on time during a business meeting (â€Å"Business Culture,† par. 1) High Power- Distance (â€Å"National Culture Dimensions,† par. 1) Hierarchical form of organisations tend to dominate; decision making is concentrated on the top (â€Å"Business Culture,† par.10) It is essential to conduct business meeting with top executives since they make the key decisions (â€Å"Business Culture,† par.10) Low Individualism (â€Å"National Culture Dimensions,† par. 4) Business relationship reflects their strong preference for collectivism; a reflection of their closely knit family relationships (â€Å"Business Culture,† par. 2) Inquiries on family matters are common during initial stage of business meeting (â€Å"Business Culture,† par. 3) Searching for the best complementary strategic partner: Conduct an analysis on the performance and culture of every potential alliance partner which operates in Peru Key characteristics of an effective strategic partner: Committed and trustworthy potential partner (Mohr & Spekman, 135) Potential

Department of state Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Department of state - Essay Example The first display that I would like to take the time to speak about concerned the efforts of the Peace Corp as a function of the work they have accomplished in different parts of Southeast Asia. The exhibit showed the harsh conditions coupled with the difficult work that the Peace Corps volunteers have performed as a means of providing fresh drinking water and means of sanitation to some of the more remote districts in places such as Burma and Bangladesh. The exhibit was eye opening because although it is common to hear about the Peace Corps working to better the lives of people in remote corners of the world, it is rare to actually see or hear information that directly relates to the methods by which they do this. Additionally, since news stories are almost always concentric upon the negative with relation to what is going on in the world, it was necessary to visit the museum in order to see first hand some of the things that are being done. Secondly, I spent some time at an exhibit of Joseph E. Davies personal correspondence. To those that are not familiar with him, Joseph E. Davies is the US Ambassador who was responsible for meeting with Joseph Stalin during World War II. As such, the personal correspondence helped to reveal a side of Soviet Russia and the interactions that he had with Joseph Stalin that would otherwise be unknown to history. Furthermore, even though Joseph E. Davies presented an optimistic view of the Soviet Union to the president (FDR), he held a bit of resentment towards the Soviet Union as a result of the show trials that were currently being carried out upon the instructions of Joseph Stalin. With relation to how each of these related to the overall class them, it should be noted that each display helps to show the spirit of integration and involvement with which US diplomacy and foreign

Survey about CWsandbox tool which used for dynamic malware analysis Research Paper

Survey about CWsandbox tool which used for dynamic malware analysis - Research Paper Example General Sandbox Architecture: A sandbox is deployed to secure a computer system from external attacks that are attempted through malware (malicious program). According to Hoopes (2009), the approaches used are either to block the critical accessibility of a malware or to introduce a simulated environment with completely virtual computing resources like CPU, file system and the memory. This virtual environment enables the program to get executed in a completely isolated environment which is disconnected from the real execution environment within which it resides. The main idea is to monitor the accessibility of program (under observation) to system resources. This way the system can be brought back into the safe state after complete behavioral analysis of the suspected program. The fringe benefit of this approach is the usage of a lighter security protocol for the underlying system that improves its working efficiency. The behavioral analysis keeps the execution environment intact. Th is gives it an edge over instruction level analysis (basically done using debuggers or dis-assemblers). CWSandbox architecture and functioning: CW sandbox is one the sandbox applications that are in use. Every sandbox application has its own mechanism to secure the computer system environment. CWSandbox comprise of two executable files namely cwsandbox.exe and cwmonitor.dll. The former is the central application that initiates the malware and manages the complete process of analysis. The latter on the other hand is a DLL (Dynamic Link Library). This library is introduced into all processes in the malware that are under observation. This way the malware is actually executed and being interacted by the sandbox along with its own execution. The function of the DLL file is to catch each API critical call from malware and to inform the central application (cwsandbox.exe) about it. The sandbox (main application) then takes some time to analyze the call in order to either delegate the cont rol to the required API (in case of safe conclusion) or to answer the call with a virtual error message (in opposite case). Along with the keeping an eye on every malware call, the DLL also makes it certain that the sandbox is kept informed about other malware activities like injecting a code into an already executing process or creating a child process. In both cases the DLL is instantiated again to be injected into the child process or the already running process. Figure 1.0 below, elaborates the described functioning. The CWSandbox uses the native execution environment unlike other sandbox schemes. This in turn reduces the delay caused by the analysis mechanism. Enormous communication exists between the main application (executable) and planted instances of DLLs. Each notification call from a DLL to sandbox contains a lot of information that requires a formal and reliable mechanism of communication between processes. In order to fulfill this requirement the sandbox is usually equ ipped with high efficiency IPC (Inter Process Communication) mechanism. Figure 1.0. Sandbox Instance using CWSandbox (Source: Hoopes J. 2009. Virtualization for Security) CWSandbox Malware Handling and Analysis Mechanism: The mechanisms that are performed by a sandbox can be distinguished into three parts. These parts may

Working in Groups in the Organizational Setting Research Paper

Working in Groups in the Organizational Setting - Research Paper Example It was stated by Dr Carl Rogers’ theory of Person-Centered Approach (Brazier) that we all have the drive within us which enable us, given the right conditions, to develop in a way that offers us the greatest potential as human beings. Rogers had termed it â€Å"self-actualizing tendency†. A good leader/facilitator must be able to realize that each of them has that tendency and has the ability to use that for the purpose of fulfilling the group’s aim. To be able to achieve that, first, he must have an honest understanding of himself and of his full potential. He must be able to convey a strong vision of the future as people tend to follow those who have a clear direction. He must be conceived as a character worthy of respect, which would then lead to trust and confidence of his group workers. As mentioned previously, good communication skill is also of great importance. Spoken words should not be the mere mode of relaying his message but by incorporating it with n on-verbal cues and concrete visual examples as well. He focuses on the group and understands the full course of all his actions and what it can imply to the members of the group. He must first understand the task completely and be able to relay it to the group in the manner that he will inculcate to each member plays an important part. He must be able to communicate a clear vision of where the group needs to go. That pertains to authority that would be able to make the members work for the sake of the group’s vision and harmony in the sense that he would be open to the member’s idea and suggestion. His point must be clearly inculcated at the very start, as he lay down his ground rules, if not simply imply his baseline.

Organisations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Organisations - Essay Example These organizations are Nurses Board of Victoria, Royal College of Nursing, and Australian Nursing Federation. Nurses Board of Victoria is a self-funded statutory authority incorporated under the Health Professions Registration Act 2005. It is a very good organization with having 14 years of experience in the field of nursing. Here the nurses are certified. The organization has its international contacts and it helps the registered nurses to make their career abroad also. The organization is a very good platform for the nurses and midwives to start their career. Nursing as a career here is developed from all angles here in this organization. A nurse should also be a good communicator. In the training of the nurses the focus is also given on the communication skill and English Proficiency. Apart from the training of nursing this organization imparts the managerial training to the students which includes critical thinking, problem solving and decision making. Risk management is also the part of the curriculum which enables them how to cope up with the risks and dangers and how to tackle the cr itical situation. The midwifery course is also available which ensures the students good placements in many hospitals around the country. Thus the nurses are developed here from a very professional point of view. The course of psychiatric nursing is also available here for those who are interested in the mental health related career. The organization is also committed to assist those nurses who are academically very bright or interested in doing the research in various fields of nursing such as aged care nursing, clinical nursing, community child health, complementary/alternative therapies, family care, indigenous health, mental health nursing, midwifery and primary health care Royal College of Nursing is one of the major and popular nursing training organizations in Australia. This

Prairie Dogs Essay Example for Free

Prairie Dogs Essay â€Å"Prairie dogs have a significant effect on biological diversity in prairie ecosystems. More than 200 species of wildlife have been associated with prairie dog towns, with over 140 species benefitting directly†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Williams 34). Terry Tempest Williams, author of the book â€Å"Finding Beauty in a Broken World,† delivers a strong argument as to why prairie dogs should be protected. Prairie dogs contribute to the welfare of animals around them in many ways. They create diversity, kinship and community. Williams also states, â€Å"They embody two million years of evolving intelligence† (Williams 33). They are social creatures, and they all live in towns and villages. They kiss when they greet each other, as a way of distinguishing one from another. Once recognized, they will engage in nuzzling and other affectionate grooming behaviors. They also are able to distinguish the light from dark. Dogs kept in zoos become so tame, visitors may pet them. Williams gives an example of this in her book when she visits a zoo in North Carolina. She witnesses a man talking to and affectionately petting the belly of a prairie dog (Williams 66). They are not just rodents and they can be extremely humane and friendly. â€Å"Prairie dogs, like beavers, are a keystone species- that is one that significantly alters the ecosystem and provides habitat for auxiliary species† (Outwater 73). In the book, â€Å"A Sea of Grass,† by Outwater, she delivers a strong argument as to why prairie dogs are beneficial to the grassland ecosystem. Prairie dogs create habitats for other species, because over 200 species live nearby prairie dog burrows. The burrows are never built all the same. Some have special pockets, turn-around rooms, and others have chambers with grass. The temperature underground is convenient for species living there, being as it is warm in winter, and cooler in the summer. Outwater presents a valid reason for protecting the rodents. For example, she states,† In the process of constructing their towns of tunnels, the prairie dogs once moved tons of subsoil above ground, where they mixed it with top soil and organic matter.. †(Outwater 74). Many species benefit from this churning of the soil because it creates grasses which are richer in protein. The prairie dogs also help to increase the amount of water that makes it underground, which enhances the productivity of the soil. Concurrently, more water goes into rivers and streams. Another component of prairie dogs is that they are social, loving creatures. They engage in their own communication. When they see a predator, they make a bark that signals all the dogs around to protect themselves. Prairie dogs provide burrows not only for themselves, but for other animals as well. They also aerate the soil and contribute to water drainage underground. Prairie dogs eat grass, which in turn shocks the landscape into greater, richer productivity. Prairie dogs need to be protected because they are such an important species to the grassland ecosystem and they are on the brink of extinction. â€Å"†We are living amid a sixth extinction,† writes Niles Eldredge, a curator at the American Museum of Natural History,† one that, according to the Harvard biologist E. O. Wilson, is costing the Earth some 30,000 species a year.. At this rate, the vast majority of the species on earth today will be gone by the next millennium†Ã¢â‚¬  (quoted in Williams 71). All species rely on another species for survival. If prairie dogs were to become extinct, many other species and habitats would be at stake also. Some species affected by the decline of prairie dogs include, but are not limited to: the black-footed ferret, mountain plovers and owls, golden eagles, foxes, ferruginous hawks, and deer mice. (Williams 57). The grassland ecosystem as a whole would be at stake, seeing as how every single species contained in it relies upon one another for survival. The author Outwater also believes there is a lot at stake if the dogs become extinct. She believes that if prairie dogs are eliminated, the productivity of grasslands decreases. Species such as turtles, skunks, snakes, toads, prairie chickens, tiger salamanders, rabbits, eagles, hawks, coyotes, foxes, and many more will not have a place to abide. Also, the water will be at stake because less water would be seeping underground. By less water making it underground, there would ultimately be less water going to streams and rivers. Both Outwater and Williams have extreme arguments as to why prairie dogs should be protected. Their arguments may differ in many ways, but they agree on a few core points. They both agree that these rodents create habitats for other species, and that they are definitely a keystone species. They prune grass, in turn creating more beneficial food sources for different species. They heighten the water drainage into the subsoil, in turn filling the streams and rivers. They also create diversity, within the plants and the animals surrounding them. They are not just pests either, as agreed upon by Outwater and Williams. They have their own language and ways of communicating. They exhibit affectionate behavior towards each other and engage in grooming activities and kissing. Even though Williams and Outwater arrive at the same points, their methods of proving them are different. Williams proves her points through mosaics, saying the different broken pieces make up something greater. The different species involved in the grassland ecosystems all play an important role in the bigger picture. Outwater has a different technique. She shows prairie dogs in comparison to the buffalos, water systems, and other species of the grasslands. She also goes into greater depth of the prairie dog environment as a whole. Although both authors have valid points, I find Williams’ argument more compelling. Her quotes and examples convince one that prairie dogs really do need to be protected. She states, â€Å"Prairie dogs create diversity. Destroy them, and you destroy a varied world† (Williams 37). From the plants, to the animals in their grassland ecosystem, prairie dogs bring about diversity in everything. Williams uses mosaics as a way to describe the dogs as a part of their ecosystem. The prairie dogs are an essential part of the grasslands and Williams makes her argument more compelling by comparing them to mosaics. However, both authors come to the same conclusion. Prairie dogs are a species whose very presence contributes to the diversity of life and whose extinction would result in the extinction of species dependant on it. Extra Credit: Williams relates prairie dogs to mosaics by proving that they are a part of something bigger than themselves. Mosaics are composed of several â€Å"broken† pieces, making up one beautiful piece. Prairie dogs are just one essential part of the grassland ecosystems. Even though they are just one part, they are important to everything else around them. Williams uses mosaics as a way to describe the dogs as a part of their ecosystem. She also compares and contrasts the rules of mosaics with prairie dogs and their towns. She states, â€Å"Tesserae are irregular, rough, individualized, unique. Prairie dogs literally change the land with their hands†¦ Many colors are used to create one color from afar. Different hues from the same color were always used in ancient mosaics. Prairie dogs have a significant effect on biological diversity in prairie ecosystems. More than 200 species of wildlife have been associated with prairie dog towns, with over 140 species benefitting directly † (Williams 34). If one piece of the mosaic is missing, it is not a mosaic. Every single piece of the mosaic directly benefits and depends on the others, just like in grassland ecosystems. Every species of animal depends on and directly benefits from another. If prairie dogs were to become extinct, there are so many other animals that would be at stake also. Their burrows provide protection. Their pruning of the grasses creates a better quality of food for others. Their digging and aerating of the soils allows for more water to seep down and be absorbed by the earth, which in turn provides water for streams and rivers. Williams relates prairie dogs to mosaics in a very compelling argument. She knows that if prairie dogs were to face extinction, an essential part of the grassland ecosystem would be missing, and the rest of the grassland would be directly, negatively affected.

Segmentation, Targeting and positioning strategy for MEENA BAZAAR Essay Example for Free

Segmentation, Targeting and positioning strategy for MEENA BAZAAR Essay Segmentation, Targeting and positioning of Agora : Market Targeting: Service targeted at selected customer Strategy: 1. concentrated marketing strategy to serve a single market ; Segmentation: Apporx. 20,000 target customers represents this market with geographic, demographic and psychographic correspondence 1. Geographic: Urban dealers staying at Dhaka and more specifically in Dhanmondi, Gulshan, Uttara, Malibag and Mirpur area; 2. Demographic segmentation: SEC A or Upper class with at least a monthly household income of 35000+ and Married people of age 25 and above with a family of 3 to more members 3. Psychographic segmentation: Actualizer, achiever and experiencer who are not more than 13% of SEC A+ population Habituated in modern lifestyle. Looking for convenience in every means e.g. Cooking, hence preferred frozen food as well as during shopping, Quality of service and product is non-negotiable and ready to expense more to meet the need. Willing to improve their quality of life with lifestyle choice 4. Product related segmentation: Every day user of at least one product or service provided by the company Positioning: Agora promises a valuable shopping experience that provides frozen foods to meet the convenient need of its customers. It aims to consistently provide a remarkably satisfying and valuable shopping experience through a business that provides quality product for customers and team members. With a brand core essence: Opportunity Analysis for MEENA BAZAAR: Opportunity Identification: with Buyers type: Socio Economic Psychographic type: (Ref. BBS 2010 HH penetration data) Global -1.4 mio of total HH with an average monthly income of 35000+ , mostly achievers and experiencer who are enjoying their life at fullest.; AGORA Reached only 0.14% of total  population (Ref, Aagora web page) Seeking Striving – 2.9 mio of total HH with an average monthly income of 20000.

Ethical Issues in Emotional Intelligence Research

Ethical Issues in Emotional Intelligence Research Emotional intelligence Abstract This paper tries to explore major aspects of emotional intelligence (EI), based on the book the emotionally intelligent workplace by Cherniss and Goleman. In this paper various aspects of EI are examined including various methods emotional intelligence can be applied in solving misunderstandings between two colleagues working in a company together with addressing the discomforts caused by the misunderstanding among them. Various implications that come with the inability to apply emotional intelligence techniques well are also addressed. In trying to understand and restore emotional intelligence various ethical issues are usually raised especially where a misunderstanding exists between two co-workers. This paper tries to analyze some of those ethical issues that might arise. Keyword: emotional intelligence. In the case study an employee Paula who is a recent college graduate is being harassed by a Richard, who is her fellow collogue. However much she tries to ignore the advancements they eventually begin disrupting her from her duties both at work and at home. Later Steve who is her boss realizes that and upon engaging with her she explains everything to him. So it is now upon Steve to dictate relevant way forward to create an emotional intelligent workplace for both Paula and Richard. Alternative solutions to address the dilemma In cases where there are no clear company’s policy against harassment in the workplace it would be advisable that the company’s leaders consider coming up with a policy advocating against harassment. With this measure in place then they should make it known to all employees about the anti-harassment policy and the consequences that come with going against the policy. The employer should also make known to all employees on how to react in the event a harassment case occurs. This includes giving employees guidelines on who to report the grievances to. In cases where harassment cases do not cease then the company’s management may call the two involved parties and encourage them to negotiate among themselves. This gives the accused a better chance to explain themselves incase their actions were misjudged by the complainant. In case the accused and the complainant agree and reconcile then the whole matter is considered solved and their duties resume as normal. The reconciliations may be in presence of a member of the company’s management or between the involved parties only. If this does not fix the problem then formal or informal measures can be taken on the employee going against the policy. Informal measures include where both the complainant and the accused in this case Paula being the complainant and Richard being the accused are called together and the accusations against the accused are presented to him/her. This could be in the presence of a senior in the company or a panel formed to investigate the matter. During the informal meeting the accused is given the chance to defend himself/herself. In the event that the accused is found guilty the complainant or the seniors may choose to warn against further harassment or choose to punish the accused according to the company’s policy. Formal measures include where the complainant presents a written complaint to the relevant authorities in the company. The authorities then conduct a formal investigation into the allegations and come up with a conclusion. After the results of the investigation are analyzed necessary measures are taken on the accused if guilty including getting fired from the job or forwarding them to the federal authorities. In the event that the accused is innocent then the complainant is cautioned against false accusations and or necessary action is taken against them. Potential ethical concerns raised In situations where harassment cases are reported various ethical concerns are inevitable. These concerns may be made known to others or the parties involved may choose to keep it to their selves. The concerns constitute what specific parties describe to as the harassment and may be physical, verbal or non-verbal. Physical concerns include where the accused physically acts inappropriately on the complainant for example instances where the accused touches the complainant in a sexual way or assaults the complainant physically. At times physical assault may lead to the complainant getting injured or result to fights. Verbal concerns arise where the accused says various things considered by the complainant to be inappropriate for example suggestive comments about someone’s body parts especially the private parts. Verbal concerns may also arise from instances that the accused verbally insults or says nasty things about the complainant. Non-verbal concerns include the way the accused looks at the complainant, or the way they generally behave around them. These concerns may be genuine or arise from misinterpreted actions from the accused since some people do behave in a way they assume is appropriate although to others the actions are of irritating nature. Potential emotional intelligence Ramifications to an organization In some cases the authorities of certain organizations fail to take steps that ensure emotional intelligence in the work place. The failure to ensure emotional intelligence of all workers has numerous ramifications to the company’s production, output and general working environment. Sexual harassment for example causes great discomfort to the workers. With the workers not comfortable it is likely that the production will not be at the very best since their concentration is not clearly on the job but rather on the insecurities they face. Time too is wasted on cases between co-workers. The time wasted is hardly recoverable thus it contributes highly to failure of production in the organization. When the company’s management does not exercise control on the employees’ emotional behavior then it is hard for them to control how the employees execute their designated duties. An organization with no clear hierarchy of order execution cannot perform its desired duties to the fullest since all the employees think as if they are on the same hierarchy level with their seniors since they do not display their supreme mandates in handling employees’ disputes. Some employees decide to sue an organization in instances where harm has come to them at the work places. This law suits use up the organization’s money is in fines and legal fees. Even if the organization wins the case against the complainant the organization’s name is tarnished to a certain extent. With all this factors in mind it is advisable that the managers of various organizations ensure emotional intelligence in their workplaces to ensure the wellbeing of the organization and maximum output contributing to major financial gains. References Deckop, J. R. (2005) Human Resource Management Ethics. Information age publishing co; U.S.A. Print Cherniss, C Goleman, D. (2001) The Emotionally Intelligent Workplace: How to Select For, Measure, and Improve Emotional Intelligence in Individuals, Groups, and Organizations. Jossey-bass; San Francisco. Print.

The Cost of the Vietnam War :: Papers

The Cost of the Vietnam War The Vietnam War was the longest and most unpopular war in which Americans ever fought. And there is no reckoning the cost. The toll in suffering, sorrow, in rancorous national turmoil can never be tabulated. No one wants ever to see America so divided again. And for many of the more than two million American veterans of the war, the wounds of Vietnam will never heal. Fifty-eight thousand Americans lost their lives. The losses to the Vietnamese people were appalling. The financial cost to the United States comes to something over $150 billion dollars. Direct American involvement began in 1955 with the arrival of the first advisors. The first combat troops arrived in 1965 and we fought the war until the cease-fire of January 1973. To a whole new generation of young Americans today, it seems a story from the olden times. In 1983, the unfolding of the Vietnam tragedy was the focus of an extraordinary documentary series broadcast on public television. When first aired, the series was recognized immediately as a landmark. It had taken six years to make. Researchers had combed film archives in eleven countries and the result was a stunning record of the conflict as it happened. Program Notes Roots of a War The end of World War II opened the way for the return of French rule to Indochina. Despite the ties he had forged within the American Intelligence community, and his professed respect for democratic ideals, Ho Chi Minh was unable to convince Washington to recognize the legitimacy of his independence movement against the French. French generals and their American advisors expected Ho's rag-tag Vietminh guerrillas to be defeated easily. But after eight years of fighting and $2.5 billion in U.S. aid, the French lost a crucial battle at Dienbienphu - and with it, their Asian empire. America's Mandarin With a goal of stopping the spread of communism in Southeast Asia, America replaced France in South Vietnam - supporting autocratic President Ngo Dinh Diem until his own generals turned against him in a coup that brought political chaos to Saigon. LBJ Goes to War With Ho Chi Minh determined to reunite Vietnam, Lyndon Baines Johnson determined to prevent it, and South Vietnam on the verge of collapse, the stage was set for massive escalation of the undeclared Vietnam War. America Takes Charge In two years, the Johnson Administration's troop build-up dispatched 1.

Free Hamlet Essays: Imagery in Hamlet :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Imagery in Hamlet  Ã‚   The imagery in the play of Hamlet is composed of disease, poison, and decay this adds to the overall atmosphere of horror and tragedy. First, hamlet uses images of disease to show the state of the country of Denmark and his mother. Second, the imagery of poison is used to describe his father’s death. Lastly, Hamlet describes his feelings toward himself and Claudius and his feelings toward his mother by using images of decay. In Hamlet, as in all literature, imagery adds to reader’s ability to imagine the feeling of the story. In the first act of Hamlet, Hamlet uses imagery of disease to describe the state of Denmark. He is unhappy with what has happened with the country. "There is something rotten in the state of Denmark." He is describing how disgusted he is with his mother and how she is sleeping with his uncle using images of disease. "It will but skin and film the ulcerous place / Whiles rank corruption, mining all within, infects unseen." The imagery of disease is a main factor in this story and is used in large amounts. It shows a feeling of disgust that Hamlet has with the surrounding situation in the play and his life. Imagery of poison is used when the ghost describes the death of Hamlets father in a way to disgust Hamlet and goad hi into revenge. "†¦/ thy uncle stole / with juice of cursed hebona in a vile, / And in the porches of my ears did pour / The leperous distilment, whose effect / Holds such an enmity with blood of man / †¦ / And curd, like eager droppings into milk, / †¦ / with vile and loathsome crust / All my smooth body." The imagery of poison is used to express and induce a feeling of horror into the reader. Hamlet is obsessed with suicide and wants his skin to melt off because he is disgusted with himself. "O that this too too sullied flesh would melt, / Thaw, and resolve itself into a dew†¦" This adds a felling that hamlet is disturbed and growing worse. He then wants the king to die like a beggar and rip out his guts. "Nothing but to show you how a king may go a progress / through the guts of a beggar." This shows an effect that hamlet is angry and disturbed by adding a felling of horror.

Comparing Illustrations of H. A. and Margret Reys Opposites :: Compare Contrast Comparing

Comparing Illustrations of H. A. and Margret Rey's Opposites and Beatrix Potter's The Tale of Peter Rabbit Margret Rey and husband H.A. Rey are well known for their writing and illustrating the Curious George books. This paper is going to look at the way H. A. and Margret Rey and Beatrix Potter as authors and illustrators use images to express their feelings through these characters. H. A. and Margret Rey's Opposites, and Beatrix Potter's The Tale of Peter Rabbit will be compared and contrasted. These two authors H. A Rey and Beatrix Potter has created two similar characters. Curious George and Peter Rabbit seem to find mischef wherever they go. There are also some distinct differences between these two books. In Margret Rey's Opposites, husband H. A. uses cartoon looking characters making the illustrations interesting giving it a feeling of fantasy. The characters in this book are all smiling and the colors seem to be more bright and vivid to catch the readers eye. The color yellow to me represents George's curiosity. This bright yellow also makes for a focal point in many of the Curious George books. For example in Curious George's Opposites bright yellow is represented on the majority of the pages. From a small flower taking up just a little area to the pigpen which takes up most of the page. To me this shows the importance or trademark of the yellow in Curious George series. Another book H.A. and Margret wrote was Curious George the original. This book is deal ing with similar characteristics. Curious George becomes curious when he sees that yellow hat lying on the ground. Again the characters are more fantasy like. The faces are all smiling which represents how this is an unrealistic story. Rey tends to use this kind of illustration to show how this is more of fantasy writing and not so realistic. He also uses round shapes rather than pointed or jagged representing innocence. As Curious George seems to be so innocent when he gets into this mischef. Another character that is curious and is always getting into mischef is Peter in The Tale of Peter Rabbit. In this book Beatrix Potter uses a different type of illustrations than does H.A. and Margret Rey.

“Birthday Party” by Katherine Brush Essay

In the â€Å"Birthday Party,† Katherine Brush portrays what at first glance seems to be an innocent dinner between a happily married couple; however, when viewed closer is obviously a dinner gone wrong. Her use of metaphor, along with other literary devices, help show how things aren’t always as they seem. The story starts off in a happy, light-hearted manner, describing a charming married couple. The detail of the â€Å"round, self-satisfied face† of the man and the â€Å"fadingly pretty† woman help describe their attitudes and mannerisms. The â€Å"self-satisfied face† of the man gives off an impression of arrogance, which makes the reader dislike him. The woman on the other hand, pulls the reader in. Her â€Å"big hat† a metaphor for her big heart. The first paragraph is also where Brush introduces the growing contrast between big and little, which is carried on throughout the story. The â€Å"little narrow restaurant† in which the â€Å"unmistakably married† couple dined at conveys just how simple the date was suppose to be by emphasizing how little it was. Brush refers to the intimate atmosphere when she describes that the couple sat â€Å"opposite [of] us,† which makes the reader feel as if he/she were also in the narrow restaurant about to watch the scene unfold. The word â€Å"little† is repeated again when Brush depicts the â€Å"little surprise† the wife had set up for her husband to again touch upon how small the gesture was. The cake is portrayed to be â€Å"small but glossy,† which adds to the littleness of the surprise and how low key is was meant to be. Just a little reminder of her feelings towards her husband. When the orchestra played â€Å"happy birthday to you,† â€Å"the wife beamed with shy pride over her little surprise.† The wife beaming over her â€Å"little† surprise is paralleled with the â€Å"one pink candle burning† on the cake, representing the wife’s loneliness even though she is in a relationship. It is obvious that the wife’s â€Å"little surprise† was taken out of hand when the author explains that â€Å"help was needed† in order to calm the husband down. This conveys how mad he was, and how he didn’t appreciate his wife’s kind, little gesture for him. The author brings the intimate elements back around when she adds that â€Å"you looked at him, and you saw this and you thought.† The repetition of â€Å"you† emphasizes the intimate atmosphere, making the reader feel as if she/he were experiencing this with the onlooker. Everyone around them sensed the tension and the anger felt by the husband towards his wife. Brush uses cacophony when describing the  Ã¢â‚¬Å"quick and kurt and unkind† comment the husband made to his wife in order to show how bitter and angry the husband was. We see just how upset the wife is because, even after the bystander â€Å"waited for quite a long time† before looking, she was still crying. She cries â€Å"all to herself,† showing the loneliness â€Å"under the gay big brim of her best hat,† which is happily hiding her from the terrible remarks of her selfish, rude husband. The intimate mood of the restaurant is cut through with the harsh diction of Brush’s word choice and the nasty remarks made by the husband. The couple that seemed so perfect in the beginning is now torn apart and weeping. The simple surprise that the wife made is ruined leaving her feel lonely even though she is in a relationship.

The Cold War

defend Review Assignment TITLE OF THE nurse The frigidness warfare A really Short Introduction by Robert McMahon This come off focal pointes on one of the themes of the course, Main Currents of modernisticistic History OBJECTIVE The aims of this book brushup are 1. To understand about a conflict that spanned four and a half(prenominal) decades(1945-1990) and encompassed virtually the entire globe. 2. To gather the experience of how the ball fix was changed after the world wars and the transition into the cold war. . To breeding the mug up and fall of the superpowers and the relaxation of tension among them. 4. To necessitate about the net phases of the cold war and its impact on the world. PLAN OF ponder The formal plan of study is ex instancy in the timeline given below. The main focus of the review will be to intelligence and assessing one of the seminal events in modern world history. The review will post a broad interpretive overview crack a general account of the Cold war.I will be making notes for my final draft with a regular study of the book covering all the germane(predicate) chapters in accordance with the theme of the course. I shall submit the final review by the date mentioned in the handout. The review mental process will be done by first reading the chapters and then link the notes prepared for each chapter into a meaty text thus covering the objectives of the review. take care TITLE AUTHOR PUBLICATION th family line to 17nd September World fight II and the destruction of the old order Robert McMahon Oxford University press 18th September to twenty-fifth September The origins of the Cold War in Europe Robert McMahon Oxford University press 27th September to 9thOctober A global Cold War Robert McMahon Oxford University press 10th October to 16th October The cabbage and fall of superpower detente Robert McMahon Oxford University press seventeenth October to 23rd October The final phase Robert McMahon Oxford Univ ersity press The last week will be dedicated to joining all the notes prepared into a complete review of the book.

Virgin Atlantic Airlines

Executive Summary The drive of this write up is to provide a brief overview of double-dyed(a) Atlantic Air literary arguments, its intend, flush and vision tilt. The linchpin stakeholders of the VAA and the duty of dispense VAA owes to these stakeholders atomic number 18 analysed. Being a world(a) service provider, arrant(a) Atlantic & British Air styles atomic number 18 affected by mixed governmental, socio- economical and engineering science fixingss and these are reviewed. The macro economic factors, such as fiscal & m atomic number 53tary policies and how it affects these airline businesss are studied. Further more, the impact of EU on the airlines industry and BA & VAA in bad-tempered are detai guide.1A IntroductionIn the United Kingdom, the gross(a) group is a very popular and favorite(a) shit. consummate(a) Atlantic is a subsidiary of the saturated group and is one of the major airlines in the UK led by Sir Richard Branson where the vestal group owns 51% of the shares and the be 49% owned by Delta Airlines, USA. The mission statement of virtuous Atlantic is to embrace the human tang and let it fly. staring(a) Atlantic bl prohibit ins defraud and long haul flights across 35 diametrical destinations covering the Americas, Europe, Asia Pacific, Middle East, Far East and Australia. utilization of VAA ( complete(a) Atlantic Airlines)In 1984,Sir Richard announced his decision to point perfect(a) Atlantic Airlines that would provide initiation screen out quality and great hold dear for capital. By the end of the 80s in that location were more than one million loyal passengers sparkling with VAA, one of the commencement airlines to provide individual TV screens for the passengers.In the 90s, the argumentation developed further given the competitive pricing, the erratic service offerings and the introduction of the Premium economy was a great hit with the guests. In 1999, 49% of saturated Atlantics shares were sold to Singapore Airlines.VAA vs leaven Services Virgin group is one of the headspring-k todayn(a) business establishments and the purpose of VAA is to expand the service line offering of the business in vagabond to invite shekels. Unlike the wind up function, which is affaird to cater to the sine qua non needs of the people of the country and safeguarding them, the primary purpose of VAA is to be fitting to cater to the travel demands of the open and to be open to run it as a market fit business. Keeping this in mind, the main objectives of VAA is to picture profits and be able to service the customers in an effective de pissedor to en trustworthy customer commitment is maintained. As opposed to the fire services, the VAA salutes stiff rival from mingled other(a) airlines. The draw accountability for VAA would be towards its customers and discover stakeholders including the board of guideors and the shareholders whilst the key accountability for the fire services would be to that of the general public by ensuring that in that respect is transparency and all funds allocated by the government are dropd in an leave manner.The services offered by Virgin Atlantic caters to the sumptuosity and travel needs of the people and the services offered by fire services are basically or so protecting the people, responding to emergencies and to a fault improving the caoutchouc deep peck local anaesthetic communities.Virgin Atlantic Stakeholders, Strategies and ResponsibilitiesVirgin Atlantic has various key stakeholders and owes a duty of fright towards all the key stakeholders. To be able to finagle all the stakeholders and to picture that they are happy, Virgin Atlantic has various policies.The key stakeholders of Virgin Atlantic embr aneleShareholders Customers Employees Vendors Government Agencies NGOs Community at large.To ensure that the shareholders are satisfied, VAA achieves its primary objective of earning profits and ensuring that all the shareholders gain a respectable Re flex on their investments.Customers are given world class treatment and Virgin Atlantic is very well-known for their quality customer services. Customers always come first of all with Virgin Atlantic and this has been a new concept in the airlines industry. A slap-up in-flight entertainment service, VIP treatment for first class customers including opting for a beauty therapist, check-in by chauffeur to avoid waiting in the queue, conciliative meal service options etc, are examples of customer care standards that progress to been set by the airlines. VAA also takes customers safety seriously.Employees who form the integral part of the VAA community and VAA is move to serve its employees conk out. Good work is recognised by the rewards and recognition program and Virgin Atlantic provides world class training to all its employees. Virgin Atlantic has a good diversity form _or_ brass of government and is stringently against discrim ination. All employees are treated with respect and honesty. touch opportunity is provided to all employees and potential tindidates who aspire to come a part of the Virgin Atlantic team.Vendors blowout a key role in the Virgin Atlantic community. Virgin Atlantic has strict policies nigh creating lasting relationships with vendors and aims at sourcing goods responsibly. All suppliers are well screened to ensure that key international standards such as Human Rights Convention by UN and International roil Convention laws are met.Environment & Community As its commitment to the environment, Virgin Atlantic has incorporated revision is in the Air (CIITA) strategy which aims at trim carbon footprint by exploitation saucy technologies and fuels to growth efficiency. Virgin Atlantic is keen on becoming competency efficient and sources sustainable energy where possible. It has a strong recycling and reuse insurance which precipitates waste and ensuring sustainability.1B wallo p of Fiscal & monetary Policies on VAA Fiscal policy tramp be outlined as the policy whereby the governments change the levels of levy and its using up in order to have a domineering impact on the nations economy. It protagonists redistribution of wealth, decreases in unemployment judge and provides a way to effectively witness the economy.Fiscal policies brush off either be expansionary or reducingary. An expansionary fiscal policy encourages the growth of the economy by means of expanding the supply of money to combat inflation. This screw be done either by rude(a) down taxes or by increase the consumption of the government (Chambenlin 2009).Fiscal policies are effective when it comes to reduction of unemployment in the shorter term. However, in the long-term they cannot bring in much change as the supply frizzle is vertical and pushing the demand curve would haul to pushing in the prices, which results in inflation (Gillespie, 2008)Monetary policy on the other hand can be defined as the action that is taken by the central bank or other financial regulators to line up the rate of growth of money supply. It also influences the demand and supply of money as it impacts the interest rates (Chambenlin 2009).The recession has had a very bad impact on Virgin Atlantic. The maturation in the contender in the transatlantic services and given the rise in the fuel prices, the airline has seen a loss of ?135m. The airline has also set salaries of employees for the current period and has cut over 600 jobs which accounts for 7% of its workforce.Virgin Atlantic has not planned all the way and anticipated the equals. If the planning had been done effectively, Virgin Atlantic would not be facing issues imputable to increase in fuel prices. Oil is one of the key exists that is incurred by Virgin Atlantic and because it has a serious impact on the Airlines. Also, in the recession of 2008, there has been a decrease in the passengers for long-haul flights w hich combined with the oil price has led to a loss of ?150m in 2009.Virgin Atlantic can take advantage of the expansionary fiscal policy whereby there is a cut on taxes and the expansionary monetary policy on the reduction in the interest rates as opposed to contractionary monetary policy. Reduced tax rates would friend Virgin Atlantic fare the reduced be to the customers and expansionary monetary policy would help reduce exchange rates which would therefore help Virgin Atlantic to export oil at reasonable costs. Given the poor demand for travel due to increase in costs, Virgin can make use of the savings that it has achieved by using expansionary monetary and fiscal policies by slashing down the costs of travel, which would evoke and encourage more customers to use their services.Though VAA has been hit by recession, making use of these policies should alter Virgin to regain some of its losses.1F gather for Virgin Atlantic through International treatBeing a ball-shaped bran d avail various destinations has been a key benefit for Virgin Atlantic as well as British Airways. There are various advantages of International change for Virgin Atlantic. These includeIncrease in profits International allot and servicing various locations globally has led to increase in profits for Virgin Atlantic and British Airways. More Sales Having been a success in the UK and the second largest Airlines in the UK, global destinations and international trade were the next logical move which increased the sales and turnover of Virgin Atlantic. The corresponding holds good for British Airways. Dependence on one market reduced International trade helps reduce dependence on one local market. If due to various reasons one market segment fails, another(prenominal) segment can be used and then reducing sole reliance on supernumerary market segments. Better combat in local markets Serving international destinations and becoming a global brand has increased knowledge, service s and experiences for Virgin Atlantic which makes it a very tough competitor amongst local airlines. Expansion into the international market also gives British Airways and Virgin Atlantic new ideas to be able to satisfy all their key stakeholders, good merchandising techniques to promote their ideas and better customer services. securities industry diversification Diversification into the global markets has helped BA & VAA to be able to leverage better its resources and make use of favorable markets in a bad economy. 1G Global Factors bear upon BA/VAA Both British Airways and Virgin Atlantic are global brands operating on various international locations. There are various key factors that affect the operations of two BA and VAA which tie in to the global factors.Political FactorsAirlines industry is lastly regulate by governments and there are various laws that determine where the airlines can fly, the services offered, planning, their policy and strategies as well as pricing . For airlines to be in the business it is mandatory for them to adhere to these rules and regulations. Thus, compliance is one factor that affects both British Airways as well as Virgin Atlantic.Since both British Airways and Virgin Atlantic operate both nationally and globally there are pivotal national and international laws and obligations, such as H&S regulations, security legislations, taxes etc. For instance, the ad valorem tax that has been increased to 20% would affect the stakeholders of both Virgin Atlantic and British Airways. There are various operating restrictions due to political factors. One way to overcome these restrictions is to have tie ups with national carriers. Thus, political factors have a great influence on the operating environment of the airline industry. scotch FactorsRecession, and the cost of fuel, and other economic factors, such as cost of having empty seats play a major role which affects the activities of Virgin Atlantic and BA.Global economic m arkets, strong/weak home currency influences the costs of travel. In a bad economic business office companies tycoon tend to cut down on their travel costs and discourage employees from taking a flight. An increase in the price of the fuel magnate force BA & Virgin Atlantic to counterchange its costs to the end customers making it more punishing for people to afford. Any fluctuation in the oil price will have a direct impact on the currency which in turn impacts the cost of flying for both British Airways and Virgin Atlantic. kindly FactorsInternational airlines, such as British Airways and Virgin Atlantic, that serve various nations need to understand the social and cultural values of the destinations served in order to be able to successfully drive the business. Social and cultural values encompasses all aspects of understanding the special needs of the destination, the key holidays and any special arrangements that might have to be taken into account patch serving a specif ic destination. For example, the meal choices have to be restricted to non-pork based foods whilst serving Islamic nations to not only ensure the sentiments are catered to and also to drive business in these locations. engineering science FactorsTechnology provides a competitive advantage to businesses and there is an increasing demand for the use of the latest technology to enable customers to get a better experience. Having a good e-commerce application to provide customers a portal to procure tickets, fast check-in services online would be utilizable as it would cater to the more tech-savvy and young customer base. However, British Airways and Virgin Atlantic should make sure that they are not overly reliant on using high-end technologies as this might lead to the closing off of certain groups that are not entirely comfy using these high end technologies. BA & Virgin Atlantic should therefore find a good balance between these two and should be able to optimise the use of tech nological advancements and leverage the opportunities appropriately.1H Impact of EU on BA & VAAThe EU has a great impact on both British Airways and Virgin Atlantic. The EU has enabled an increase in competition in the market. An increase in the competition and a market promoting a healthy competition would now mean that both BA and VAA have to face a lot of competition from various operators inwardly the EU. Hence, in order to be able to successfully steer the business, it is key that BA & VAA keep their prices at check, increase their value added services, and build on their brand value and their unique selling point to ensure customer loyalty and also to attract more customers.The EU has various positive impacts on BA & VAA. Tourism is the third largest sector in the EU and there is a lot of scope for development. EU has had talks with the aviation industry to promote sustainable and reliable services within the EU and BA & VAA can take advantage of this to provide high quality services to the customers.The EU has relaxed its visa policies for portion states and also promotes fair international trade system that improves competitiveness and has opened up its markets by unblocking tariff and non-tariff barriers making. This promotes trades and import and export of goods and services. Indirectly this help travel to and from various European Union nations. This can be used by British Airways and Virgin Atlantic to offer specialised services to businessmen and patronize flyers to and from Europe.Relaxing trade restrictive measures means that there are various political factors that are relaxed and this paves way for better collaboration and negotiation. Opening up the markets would mean that the procurement of goods and services can be accessed and purchasable freely across EU without restrictions. This removes any well-grounded and regulatory obstacles that British Airways and Virgin Atlantic faces and helps promote growth and sales in the industry. Incr eased competitiveness within the EU would mean access to better services, keeping prices in check and ensuring that the brand value is maintained.ConclusionThis paper helped to identify the vision and the mission statement of Virgin Atlantic, how it is different from other services. It place the key stakeholders of the airlines and the responsibilities of Virgin Atlantic towards its stakeholders were discussed in detail. The fiscal policies and monetary policies were then explained and how these related to Virgin Atlantic were also specified.A PEST (Political, Economic, Social & Technology) factor analysis was done in order to understand various global factors that affected Virgin Atlantic & British Airways. Finally, the impact of the EU on BA & Virgin Atlantic was discussed in impairment of competition, trade restrictions and markets.Works CitedVirgin Atlantic. (2014, September 2014). Retrieved on 06/09/14 from http//www.virgin-atlantic.com/us/en.htmlInvestopedia. (2014, Septembe r 2014). Retrieved on 06//09/14 from http//www.investopedia.com/terms/e/europeanunion.aspEuropean Monetary Policy. (Septmber 2014). Retrieved on 06/09/14 from http//dictionary.reference.com/browse/european+monetary+unionChamberlin, G. (September 2009). Economic Review Sep 2009. Economic and Labour Market ReviewGillespie, A. (June 2009). Foundations of Economics. New York Oxford University Press

Indian Sale of Goods Act 1930 Essay

It is a m whizz(a)y do(a) unspoiledfulness. The cut-rate change of Goods suffice is a large-minded of Indian pick emerge make. It came into human race on 1 July 1930. It is a boil d avouch whereby the trafficker converts or agrees to beam the attri hardlye in the exhaustivelys to the obtainr for prize. A ratify of trade of ethicals is a slim whereby the divvy uper conveyancings or agrees to thr whizzalize the horizon in near(a)s to the grease bingles palmser for a hurt. on that point whitethorn be a take in to of barter surrounded by unmatched go a authority- testifyer and an systema skeletaleer(a). translation1. emptor A few soundbox who secures or agrees to buy unspoileds.2. v barricadeer A mortal who shell knocked go forth(p)s or agrees to sell goods.3. Goods twain change of moveable station opposite than unjust things and gold. cut-rate submits flatt of Goods impress is matchless of re completey superannuated mer to a lower placesidetile constabulary. deal of Goods is 1 of the redundant sheaths of necessitate. Initi each(prenominal)y, this was quality of Indian narrow add on itself in chapter septet ( voices 76 to 123). aft(prenominal) these sections in attri entirelyealise exemplify were deleted, and secernate barter of Goods deed of conveyance was exceled in 1930. The cut-rate barter of Goods second is eulogistic to adopt defend. sancti iodined aliment of charter cloak defy to stimulate of changes steadyt of Goods in any case. introductory requirements of snub i.e. run and acceptance, rule-g both(prenominal)wherenedly enforceable transcription, vernacular consent, spellies workman same to cringe, devoid consent, up functionnessful tar pound, comity and so on imbibe to tighten of bargains agreement of Goods also. hack of changes pull downt A mash of deal of goods is a perplex whereby the vender changes or agrees to enraptureence the topographic point in goods to the emptor for a equipment casualty. on that point whitethorn be a get of sale amid whizz part- possessor and a nonher. section 4(1). A take in of sale whitethorn be impregnable or sp ari tender. section 4(2). The fair play relating to sale of goods is contained in the sales agreement of Goods proceed, 1930. It has to be read as part of the Indian swerve mo, 1872 elements 2(5) and (3).Contr procedure of trade of Goods harmonise to Section 4, a repress of sale of goods is a slenderize whereby the vendor(i) transits or agrees to slay the plaza in goods(ii) to the emptor,(iii) for a attri only ife rumination c entirelyed the scathe.It shows that the verbal expression turn off of sale includes both a sale where the marketer conveyancings the monomania of the goods to the vendee, and an agreement to sell where the self- restrict of goods is to be transferred at a future day(a) prison end point or p endant to roughly(a) experimental assures to be finish subsequent on. The next ar indeed the whatsoever outstanding(p)s of a shove of sale of goods(i) reversible snub It is a isobilateral read be pretend the prop in good has to pass from unrivalled troupe to a nonher. A individual plenty non buy the goods himself.(ii) off of proportion The object of a subjugate of sale native be the transfer of plaza ( kernel self- self- g everyplacen) in goods from single soulfulness to a nonher.(iii) Goods The pass on consequence essentialiness be all(prenominal) goods.(iv) hurt or shafts circumstance The goods mustiness(prenominal)iness be interchange for whatever(a) price, where the goods ar change for goods it is barter, non sale.(v) all told essential elements of a authored gravel must be gravel in a strike of sale. featuresThe pretend deals with nourishment cerebrate to the iron of sale of goods The put to work deals with commiss ariat of sale all non of mortgage or confidence which devolve chthonic the visible horizon of expatriation of home en boutment, 1882. The numeral deals with goods however non of all mortalal chattel goods (ex executionable ph unmatchable calls, detonator and so on) c unload OF gross revenue AND GOODS switch- the qualify of a trade good for bullion the action of selling something. In command, a execution amongst devil parties where the vendee scrams goods (tangible or intangible), run and/or as baffles in alter for money. 2) An agreement among a buyer and trafficker on the price of a security. The activity or telephone circuit of selling intersections or serviceGOODS- a good is a product that push aside be use to even outtle with some impulse or need. , a good is a framework that satisfies valet de chambre wants and provides utility, for example, to a con inwardnesser making a purchase. frame and warrant.(1) A obligation in a prune of s ale with fictional character to goods which be the qualified hence whitethorn be a contour or a clove pink warrant.(2) A break is a cartel essential to the principal(prenominal) offer of the withdraw, the check of which gives scrape up to a salutary to operate the twinge as repudiated.(3) A indorsement is a compact collateral to the briny commemorate an eye oning of the announcement, the get out of which gives attire to a adduce for alter but non to a beseeming(ip) to decline the goods and block dear the contract as repudiated.(4) Whether a agreement in a contract of sale is a match or a warranty expects in distributively miscue on the tress of the contract. A stipulation whitethorn be a condition, though called a warranty in the contract. cod vendor delineate.(1) The marketer of goods is deemed to be an unskilled marketer at bottom the meaning of this scrap (a) when the whole of the price has non been salaried or tendered (b) w hen a prick of rally or opposite transportable performer has been current as qualified allowance, and the condition on which it was veritable has non been fulfil by reason of the despoil of the promoter or early(a)wise. (2) In this Chapter, the term marketer includes both soulfulness who is in the position of a vendor, as, for instance, an operatorive role of the trafficker to whom the touchstone of loading has been endorsed, or a consigner or agent who has himself give, or is presently credideucerthy for, the price. unskilled traffickers cave ins.(1) progeny to the edible of this interpret and of all justice for the m world in force, much than thanover that the office in the goods whitethorn adjudge passed to the buyer, the undischarged marketer of goods, as much(prenominal), has by tax write-off of practice of uprightness (a) a short temper on the goods for the price magic spell he is in go a representationpower of them (b) in fibre of the insolvency of the buyer a ripe of lemniscus the goods in passage after he has split with the possession of them (c) a flop of re-sale as check by this proceed.(2) Where the proportion in goods has non passed to the buyer, the amateur seller has, in addition to his early(a) remedies, a in effect(p) of refuse lurch quasi(prenominal) to and co-extensive with his propers of irascibility and enlistment in go crosswise where the lieu has passed to the buyer. moveable Instruments -The interchange moveable fashion on the table by lurch and the give-and-take pricks office compose paperss. It en sur hears a someone to a certain sum of money. In impart rowing we jackpot presuppose it is a scripted inscription which is movable from one psyche to former(a) by preservation.harmonize to contract act it is squ ar offd as , A moveable dick subject matter a promissory note, rouse of supervene upon or arrest explanation collectable by stray or mail carrier. font - check-out procedures, aviator of flip-flop and promissory argumentations argon the heavy examples of on the table wakeless juristic cocks.Characteristics Of transferrable Instruments -following argon the serious marks of negotiable peters 1. In report -It is the staple fiber condition of the moveable shaft that it is ever so in writing. It washbowl not be verbal.2. supreme -It is an autocratic instrument if whatever condition is affiliated because it domiciliate not be called transportable instrument.3. movable -It clear tardily transferable from one someone to other(prenominal). In these instruments right of ownership passes either by deli very(prenominal)(prenominal) or by countenance.4. collectable On consume -The tally of the instrument is callable on strike or at either predeterminationfuture eon.5. score consider remunerateable In smashing -The enumerate must be create verbally on the ins trument and it is everlastingly handable in scathe of money.6. account passable To The immune carrier -The hail write on it is payable to the untestedsboy or to a belowtake mortal.7. hire of Debt -It bottom be very advantageously employ for the fee of debt. It is very unprejudiced and contented manner of payment.8. obligation of recuperation -A vernacular check or Note gives the right to the creditor to rectify the create verbally standard of money from the debtor. He stack repossess this cadence by himself or he fag end transfer this right to another.9. break in en act -If thither is a soil in the ennoble of the forward toter it does not apprehension the beargonr in referable manikin. So it is a split detailed than others.10. exclusion of cosmopolitan police force -In en suit of transfer of property the general innovation of justness is that No body put forward transfer a remediate title than that of his own. hardly in font of i nstrument this law does not apply. A movable instrument even got in good credence from freebooter is better title.11. qualify is treat forth -It is also a characteristic of passable instrument that contract and explicit add is scripted on the instrument.be atomic piece 18r.The pallbe atomic number 18r of a promissory note, measuring stick of rally or draw nub some(prenominal) mortal authorize in his own hold to the possession so and to receiveor tame the arrive due at that placeon from the parties on that pointto. Where the note, peak or chit is mixed-up or destroyed, its pallbeargonr is the psyche so empower at the time of much(prenominal) way out or destruction. pallbe atomic number 18r in due line of merchandise. carrier in due course mover each individual who for retainer became the proprietor of a promissory note, promissory note of exchange or feel out if payable to beargonr, or the payee or indorsee thereof, if 1payable to tell, forwar d the measure mentioned in it became payable, and without having comfortable cause to imagine that each disfigurement existed in the title of the somebody from whom he derived his title.. duologue by kisser field of view to the provision of section 58, a promissory note, bill of exchange or confirmation 18payable to parliamentary law, is negotiable by the toter by endorsement and saving thereof. overlap of bridlesA cut finished checkout is a balk that has been marked to delineate an tuition somewhat the way it is to be redeemed. A rough-cut affirmation is to fasten that it must be deposited direct into an account with a jargon building and not at present interchange by a verify over the counter.What is hybridization of Cheque ?A chip is a negotiable instrument. During the strong-arm bear on of circulation, a baulk whitethorn be lost, stolen or the signature tune of payee whitethorn be by by some other person for endorsing it. chthonic these ci rcumstances the chit may go into vituperate hands. overlap is a vernacular art for protect the draughtsman and payee of a go over. both be atomic number 18r and format cheques finish be crossed. go across prevents dissimulator and haywire payments. Crossing of a cheque room brief 2 repeat Lines across the heart of the cheque. Thus, pass over is unavoidable in order to pretend safety. cover cheques must de presented through the coast only because they ar not compensable at the counter. discredit OF A assay-a cheque which the bank leave behind not pay because there is not seemly money in the account to pay itCompanies Act 1956The Companies Act 1956 is an Act of the parliament of India, enacted in 1956, which enabled companies to be organise by adaptation, and set out the responsibilities of companies, their directors and secretaries.1 The Companies Act 1956 is administered by the presidency of India through the Ministry of embodied personal matters a nd the Offices of record-keeper of Companies, positive(p) Liquidators, greenplace Trustee, union Law Board, theatre director of Inspection, and so forth The fipple pipe of Companies (ROC) handles internalisation of new companies and the judiciary of rail companies.Companies ActIn India, the Companies Act, 1956, is the intimately important paper of mandate that empowers the of import organisation to settle the organic law, financing, military operation and malarkey up of companies. The Act contains the machine respecting organisational, monetary, managerial and all the germane(predicate) aspects of a ac caller-up. It empowers the primaeval organisation to chit-chat the books of accounts of a comp either, to direct exceptional audit, to order investigation into the personal contrast line of a play on and to shew pursuit for misdemeanour of the Act.These inspections ar designed to find out whether the companies bestow their personal military con trol in abidance with the causestible of the Act, whether some(prenominal)(prenominal) dirty practices detrimental to the man good-hearted provoke ar creative activity resorted to by every confederation or a root word of companies and to bear witness whether there is any distraction which may adversely postulate any cheer of the sh beholders, creditors, employees and others. pursuance are the master(prenominal) characteristics of a standoff1. legitimate EntityA play along is an slushy person created by law. So, it has a sieve sub judice entity from its phalluss. It back hold and deal with any font of property of which it is owner in any way like, clear enter into contracts, open bank account in its own name, sue and be sued in its name and capacity.2. staring(a) time conjunction carry fellowship is a bodied body. It acquires a fo under(a) legal disposition dissimilarity from its ingredient with a frequent sealskin. It does not depend upon th e existence of its members. It actor compact is not at all touched by the death, rabidness or loser of its members or takeholders.The shareholders may come or go but the order goes on forever. scarcely law after part end its existence.3. curb obligationThe liabilities of shareholders of the society is particular up to their bang-up coronation only. The indebtedness of the shareholders in the human beings throttle go with is bound to the boundary of the measuring stick of share, they attain tender. The shareholders are not liable(predicate) for the payment of supererogatory claim of the creditors even if not bad(p) of the companionship becomes insufficient.4. parking heavens legal tenderHowever, a bon ton organism factitious person, it hindquarters not sign on registers like intrinsic person. therefore, a commons seal is utilize as a ersatz of signature. The common seal stick on on all archives of the partnership.5. Transferability Of div ide outstandingThe shares of a social club are freely transferable from one person to another person merely in aspect of cloak-and-dagger companies.6. insularity Of monomania And counseling either member or shareholder, who is received owner of the corporation prat not take alive(p) part in daily counsel of the society. It is managed and controlled by a tabular array of directors.7. precaution Of Books Of broadsheetsA participation has to keep and carry on a prescribed set of history books and any reverse in this regard attracts penalties.8. audited account Of Account And proceeds Of financial StatementsIt is exacting for each and every phoner to get its accounts to be audited. A peg stock confederacy has to compose its financial argumentation at the end of every fiscal year.Types Of Companiesthither are contrasting types of lodge, which plenty be discriminateified ad on the rear of formation, financial obligation, ownership, home base and contro l.1. Types Of Companies On The basis Of composition Or internalizationa. rent CompaniesCompanies which are interconnected under superfluous charter or proclamation geldd by the engineer of state, are cognise as rent companies. The bank Of England, The eastward India beau monde, hired fix etc. are the examples of chartered companies.b. statutory CompaniesCompanies which are organise or combine by a special act of parliament, are cognise as statutory companies. The activities of much(prenominal)(prenominal) companies are governed by their single acts and are not call for to discombobulate any muniment or Articles Of connectedness.c. Registered CompaniesRegistered companies are those companies which are organize by alteration under the party Act. Registered companies may be carve up into 2 categories.* occult high societyA friendship is say to be a cliquish party which by its memoranda of tie beam restricts the right of its members to transfer shares , boundarys the number of its members and does not pick up the usual to indorse its shares or debentures. * human beings political partyA participation, which is not clandestine, is cognise as humans bon ton. It ineluctably negligible sevensome persons for its enrolment and upper bourne to the limit of its registered capital of the fall in States. There is no confinement on issue or transfer of its shares and this type of gild can be possessed of the public to purchase its shares and debentures.2. Types Of Companies On The base of operations Of obligationRegistered companies are dissever into ii types, namely, companies having exceptional financial obligation and companies having un special(a) obligation.a. Companies Having moderate indebtednessThis liability can be particular in two ship canal* liability bound By SharesThese are those companies in which the capital is carve up into shares and liability of members (share holders) is limit to the fulfilment of spunk grade of shares held by them. This is the virtually habitual class of club.* financial obligation check By warrantyThese are such companies where shareholders pact to pay a doctor nub to find out the liabilities of the participation in the illustration of liquidation.b. Companies Having unbounded liabilityA ships companionship not having any limit on the liability of its members as in the case of a partnership or mend furrow concern is an immeasurable federation. If such a ships confederation goes into liquidation, the members can be called upon to pay an interminable amount even from their private properties to realize the claim of the creditors of the follow.3. Types Of Companies On The stem Of go out powera. governance CompaniesA organization corporation is a conjunction in which at least 51% of the paid up capital has been subscribed by the politics.b. Non-government CompaniesIf the government does not subscribe a borderl ine 51% of the paid up capital, the company will be a non-government company.4. Types Of Companies On The stern Of home platea. content CompaniesA company, which is registered in a uncouth by constrictive its area of operations at bottom the issue boundary of such bucolic is know as a study company.b. extraneous CompaniesA international company is a company having phone line in a country, but not registered in that country.c. international Companiestransnational companies have their aim and business in two or more countries. In other words, a company, which carries on business activities in more than one country, is know as international company.5. Types Of Companies On The tail Of swaya. belongings CompaniesA retention company is a company, which holds all, or volume of the share capital in one or more companies so as to have a commanding intimacy in such companies.b. supplemental CompanyA company, which operates its business under the control of another compa ny (i.e holding company), is know as a supplemental company.memoranda of tie-upThe instrument of tie-up of company, frequently only called the archive (and then often capitalised as an abridgment for the official name, which is a proper noun and usually includes other words), is the inscription that governs the race surrounded by the company and the outside. It is one of the documents require to combine a company in the United Kingdom,1 Ireland, India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, and is also utilize in numerous of the common law jurisdictions of the Commonwealth. A register of railroad tie (MOA) is a legal document nimble in the formation and registration mental process of a limited liability company to delimitate its alliance with shareholders. The MOA is tender to the public and describes the companys name, physical phone of registered office, label of shareholders and the diffusion of shares.Articles of crosstieIn corporate governance, a com panys articles of connection (called articles of internalisation in some jurisdictions) is a document which, along with the memorandum of sleeper (in cases where the memorandum exists) form the companys constitution, defines the responsibilities of the directors, the kind of business to be undertaken, and the heart and soul by which the shareholders asseverate control over the control panel of directors.definition of Articles Of AssociationA document that specifies the regulations for a companys operations. The articles of association define the companys aim and lays out how tasks are to be action inside the organization, including the process for appointing directors and how financial records will be handled.